Some very exciting research has recently been published in Nature regarding a previously unknown species of ancient human. “X-Woman” was identified by DNA in a finger bone found in a Siberian Cave dating to about 48,000-30,000 years ago. This places X-Woman on earth during the times of Homo sapiens sapiens and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. If we consider “The Hobbit” to be a separate species from Homo sapiens sapiens, we are now talking about at least 4 different species of human on earth at the same time. The DNA analysis indicates there was little to no interbreeding between X-Woman’s species and those of the others co-existing at that time.
Please read more about it here.